Method of relieving stress from face plate welds of a golf club head

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to methods for forming a golf club head assembly using a combination of different, but separate heat treatments for the golf club head body and high strength faceplate, and vibrational waves to relive stress in the weld heat affected zones of the golf club body and face.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/354,685,filed Nov. 17, 2016, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/257,331, filed on Nov. 19, 2015, the contents ofwhich are incorporate fully by reference herein.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to methods for forming a golf club headassembly using a combination of different, but separate heat treatmentsfor the golf club head body and high strength faceplate, and vibrationalwaves to relive stress in the weld heat affected zones of the golf clubbody and face.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to golf clubs and particularly to a methodof forming a golf club head assembly. Conventional golf club headassemblies include a faceplate welded to a club head. The faceplate hasa slightly rounded shape in order to provide a straighter and/or longerflight path for a golf ball, even when the ball is struck off-centerwith respect to the faceplate. The faceplate has a bulge dimension, orcurvature from a toe end to a heel end, and a roll dimension, orcurvature from the crown edge to the sole edge.

When welding a face of high strength material to a golf head body ofdifferent material, processes are desired to make the face as strong aspossible. Utilization of high strength face materials requires atrade-off between making the face as strong as the material will allow,and having the body maintain its' ductility and overall structuralmovement. The ductility allows the club head to bend and flex in a wayto aid in lie angle bending. The overall structural movement isimportant for launch angle, spin, and ball speed.

Often the weld line between the face and the golf club head oxidizes andforms crystals between the faceplate and the club head body. This canlead to defects in the assembled golf club head. Accordingly, there is aneed in the art to improve methods for manufacturing golf club headstaking advantage of high strength face materials and welding to golfclub head bodies composed of different materials than the faceplate.Aspects of the invention will become apparent by consideration of thedetailed description and accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a club head and a face plate.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the club head with the face plateremoved.

FIG. 3 is a top view of a club head assembly.

FIG. 4 is a side section view of the club head assembly of FIG. 3 alongsection 4-4.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the club head assembly of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a process for forming a golf clubassembly.

FIG. 7 is a front view of an iron type club head.

FIG. 8 is a back view of the iron type club head of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a front view of an iron type club head having a weldedportion.

FIG. 10 is a front view of another embodiment of an iron type club headhaving a welded portion.

FIG. 11 is a back view of the iron type club head of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a back view of another embodiment of an iron type club headhaving a welded portion.

FIG. 13 is a top view of the iron type club head of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is a back view of another embodiment of an iron type club headhaving a welded portion.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a process for forming an iron type golfclub having a welded portion.

Other aspects of the disclosure will become apparent by consideration ofthe detailed description and accompanying drawings.

For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawing figuresillustrate the general manner of construction, and descriptions anddetails of well-known features and techniques can be omitted to avoidunnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure. Additionally, elementsin the drawing figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example,the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures can be exaggeratedrelative to other elements to help improve understanding of embodimentsof the present disclosure. The same reference numerals in differentfigures denote the same elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Heat curing of an assembled golf club head has two goals. One, to curethe faceplate materials to maximize strength and minimize brittleness.Second, relieve any stresses introduced by the weld line between thefaceplate and the golf club head. Often, the weld line between the faceand the golf club head oxidizes and forms crystals between the faceplateand the club head body (thereby introducing defects to the assembledgolf club head) unless a heat curing step is performed after welding.Utilization of this heat curing step on the high strength faceplatematerials requires a trade-off between the mechanical properties desiredfor the faceplate and the golf club body. A different level of heatcuring (temperate and time) a faceplate is required over a heat curingtreatment of a golf club head body because the material of the faceplateand the golf club head body are different. The goal of heat curing afaceplate is to make the faceplate material as strong as the materialwill allow, and yet avoid introducing an unacceptable level ofbrittleness. The goal of heat curing a golf club body is also to relievestresses introduced during forging, but also maintain its' ductility andoverall structural movement and strength. Heat curing an assembled golfclub head (faceplate and club body together) therefore does not achievecomplete utilization of desired mechanical properties for differentmaterials comprising the faceplate and golf club head body.

Described herein is a process for forming a golf club head utilizing ahigh strength face material (a first material) such as Ti-9s with a heatcuring treatment, but sparing the club head body from the same heatcuring step. The club head body is made of a different or secondmaterial such as stainless steel, titanium, steel or aluminum materialor alloy such as Ti 6-4 or 431 steel. The heat curing treatments of thebody and the face are different to utilize ideal properties of thefaceplate and golf club body materials. After these different heatcuring treatments of the club head body and club head face, the face iswelded to the club head body through methods known in the art. Theprocess is completed by using vibrational waves to relieve the stressaround a heat affected zone (HAZ) formed around the welded joint asopposed to a thermal heat treatment. This process prevents a unilateralheat treatment affecting the mechanical properties of not only the weld,but also the faceplate and golf club body. In this process, the variableheat curing treatments of the faceplate and golf club body, andsubsequent use of vibrational waves to relieve the weld lines in the HAZbetween the faceplate and golf club body allow the manufacturer toutilize ideal strength, ductility, and durability mechanical parametersof the materials comprising the club head face and body.

In many embodiments, the golf club head can be a wood or hybrid typegolf club head, wherein a wood or hybrid type club head can be a driver,a fairway wood, a hybrid or a cross-over type club head. A wood orhybrid type golf club head can have a volume within the range of 200 ccto 500 cc. For example, the volume of the golf club head can be 200 cc,250 cc, 300 cc, 350 cc, 400 cc, 440 cc, 445 cc, 450 cc, 455 cc, 460 cc,465 cc, 470 cc, 475 cc, 480 cc, 485 cc, 490 cc, 495 cc, or 500 cc.Further, the loft on a wood or hybrid type golf club head can be withinthe range of 5 degrees to 40 degrees. For example, the golf club headcan have a loft of 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25degrees, 30 degrees, 35 degrees, or 40 degrees.

In other embodiments, the golf club head can be an iron type golf clubhead. An iron type golf club head can have a volume within the range of10 cc to 100 cc. For example, the volume of the golf club head can be 10cc, 20 cc, 30 cc, 40 cc, 50 cc, 60 cc, 70 cc, 80 cc, 90 cc, or 100 cc.Further, the loft of the iron type golf club head can be within therange of 10 degrees to 80 degrees. For example, the golf club head canhave a loft of 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, 55 degrees, 60degrees, 65 degrees, 70 degrees, 75 degrees, or 80 degrees. The terms“first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” and the like in the descriptionand in the claims, if any, are used for distinguishing between similarelements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential orchronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used areinterchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that theembodiments described herein are, for example, capable of operation insequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.Furthermore, the terms “include,” and “have,” and any variationsthereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that aprocess, method, system, article, device, or apparatus that comprises alist of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but caninclude other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process,method, system, article, device, or apparatus.

The terms “left,” “right,” “front,” “back,” “top,” “bottom,” “over,”“under,” and the like in the description and in the claims, if any, areused for descriptive purposes and not necessarily for describingpermanent relative positions. It is to be understood that the terms soused are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that theembodiments of the apparatus, methods, and/or articles of manufacturedescribed herein are, for example, capable of operation in otherorientations than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.

Before any embodiments of the disclosure are explained in detail, it isto be understood that the disclosure is not limited in its applicationto the details of construction and the arrangement of components setforth in the following description or illustrated in the followingdrawings. The disclosure is capable of other embodiments and of beingpracticed or of being carried out in various ways.

I) Wood or Hybrid Type Club Head with High Strength Face Material

FIG. 1-3 shows a golf club head 10 and a faceplate 14. In oneembodiment, the golf club head 10 is formed from a first material andthe faceplate 14 is formed from a second material. The first materialcan be a cast material and the second material can be a rolled material.Further, in the illustrated embodiment, the golf club head 10 is for ametal wood driver; in other embodiments, the golf club head 10 is for afairway wood; in other embodiments, the golf club head 10 is for hybridclubs; in other embodiments, the golf club head 10 is for an iron club.The club head 10 can also include a hosel and a hosel transition (shownas 18). For example, the hosel can be located at or proximate to theheel end 34. The hosel can extend from the club head 10 via the hoseltransition 18. To form a golf club, the hosel can receive a first end ofa shaft 20. The shaft 20 can be secured to the golf club head 10 by anadhesive bonding process (e.g., epoxy) and/or other suitable bondingprocesses (e.g., mechanical bonding, soldering, welding, and/orbrazing). Further, a grip (not shown) can be secured to a second end ofthe shaft 20 to complete the golf club.

As shown in FIG. 2, the club head 10 further includes a recess oropening 22 for receiving the faceplate 14. In the illustratedembodiment, the opening 22 includes a lip 26 extending around theperimeter of the opening 22. The faceplate 14 is aligned with theopening and abuts the lip 26. As discussed below, the faceplate 14 issecured to the club head 10 by welding, forming a club head assembly 30.

The faceplate 14 includes a heel end 34 and a toe end 38 opposite theheel end 34. The heel end 34 is positioned proximate the hosel portion(hosel and hosel transition 18) where the shaft 20 (FIG. 1) is coupledto the club head assembly 30. The faceplate 14 further includes a crownedge 42 and a sole edge 46 opposite the crown edge 42. The crown edge 42is positioned adjacent an upper edge of the club head 10, while the soleedge 46 is positioned adjacent the lower edge of the club head 10. Asshown in FIG. 3, the faceplate 14 has a bulge curvature in a directionextending between the heel end 34 and the toe end 38. As shown in FIGS.4 and 5, the faceplate 14 also has a roll curvature in a directionextending between the crown edge 42 and the sole edge 46. In oneembodiment, the faceplate can have a minimum wall thickness of 2.0millimeters, 1.9 millimeters, 1.8 millimeters, 1.7 millimeters, 1.6millimeters, 1.5 millimeters, 1.4 millimeters, 1.3 millimeters, 1.2millimeters, 1.1 millimeters, 1.0 millimeters, 0.9 millimeters, 0.8millimeters, 0.7 millimeters, 0.6 millimeters, 0.5 millimeters and 0.4millimeters. In one embodiment, the faceplate can have a minimum wallthickness of 0.7 millimeters.

A) Faceplate Material

As discussed above, the faceplate 14 is formed from a first material.The first material can be a high strength face material. The firstmaterial can be a steel-based material, a titanium based material, analuminum alloy, a titanium alloy or any combination thereof. Thesteel-based material can be a 17-4 PH stainless steel, 455, 475, C300,AerMet 300, a nitronic RTM 50 stainless steel, a maraging steel, orother types of stainless steel. The aluminum alloy can be high strengthaluminum alloy, or a composite aluminum alloy coated with ahigh-strength alloy. The titanium alloy can be Ti-9S, Ti-6-4, andTi-15-3-3-3. The titanium alloy may be an α-β titanium alloy.

In one embodiment, the α-β Ti can be Ti 6-4 containing 6 wt % aluminum(Al), and 4 wt % vanadium (V), with the remaining alloy compositionbeing titanium and possibly some trace elements. In some embodiments, Ti6-4 contains between 5.5 wt %-6.75 wt % Al, between 3.5 wt %-4.5 wt % V,a maximum of 0.08 wt % carbon (C), a maximum of 0.03 wt % silicon (Si),a maximum of 0.3 wt % iron (Fe), a maximum of 0.2 wt % oxygen (O), amaximum of 0.015 wt % tin (Sn), and trace amounts of molybdenum (Mo),with the remaining alloy composition being titanium. In someembodiments, Ti 6-4 contains between 5.5 wt %-6.75 wt % Al, between 3.5wt %-4.5 wt % V, 0.08 wt % or less carbon (C), 0.03 wt % or less silicon(Si), 0.3 wt % or less iron (Fe), 0.2 wt % or less oxygen (O), 0.015 wt% or less tin (Sn), and trace amounts of molybdenum (Mo), with theremaining alloy composition being titanium. Ti 6-4 is a grade 5titanium. The solvus temperature for Ti 6-4 is between 540° C. and 560°C. In some embodiments, Ti 6-4 has a density of 0.1597 lb/in³ (4.37g/cc). Ti-6-4 can also be designated as T-65K.

The titanium alloy can be an α-β titanium (α-β Ti) alloy. The α-β Tialloy can contain neutral alloying elements such as tin and acstabilizers such as aluminum and oxygen. The α-β Ti alloy can containβ-stabilizers such as molybdenum, silicon and vanadium. All numbersdescribed below regarding weight percent are a total weight percent (wt%). The total weight percent of α-stabilizer aluminum in α-β Ti alloycan be between 2 wt % to 10 wt %, 3 wt % to 9 wt %, 4 wt % to 8 wt %, or5 wt % to 7 wt %. The total weight percent of α-stabilizer oxygen in α-βTi alloy can be between 0.05 wt % to 0.35 wt %, or 0.10 wt % to 0.20 wt%. The total weight percent of β-stabilizer molybdenum in α-β Ti alloycan be between 0.2 wt % to 1.0 wt %, or 0.6 wt % to 0.8 wt %, or traceamounts. The total weight percent of β-stabilizer vanadium in α-β Tialloy can be between 1.5 wt % to 7 wt %, or 3.5 wt % to 4.5 wt %. Thetotal weight percent of β-stabilizer silicon in α-β Ti alloy can bebetween 0.01 to 0.10 wt %, or 0.03 wt % to 0.07 wt %. The α-β Ti alloycan be Ti-6Al-4V (or Ti 6-4), Ti-9S (or T-9S), Ti-662, Ti-8-1-1, Ti-65K,Ti-6246, or IMI 550. The combination of α, β stabilizers allows the α-βTi alloys to be heat treated.

In another embodiments, the α-β Ti alloy can be Ti-9S (or T-9S), whichcontains 8 wt % Al, 1 wt % V, and 0.2 wt % Si, with the remaining alloycomposition being titanium and possibly some trace elements. In someembodiments, Ti-9S (or T-9S) contains 6.5 wt %-8.5 wt % Al, between 1 wt%-2 wt % V, a maximum of 0.08 wt % C, a maximum of 0.2 wt % Si, amaximum of 0.3 wt % Fe, a maximum of 0.2 wt % O, a maximum of 0.05 wt %N, trace amounts of Mo, and trace amounts of Sn, with the remainingalloy composition being titanium. In some embodiments, Ti-9S (or T-9S)contains 6.5 wt %-8.5 wt % Al, between 1 wt %-2 wt % V, less than 0.1 wt% C, a maximum of 0.2 wt % Si, a maximum of 0.4 wt % Fe, a maximum of0.15 wt % O, less than 0.05 wt % N, trace amounts of Mo, and traceamounts of Sn, with the remaining alloy composition being titanium. Insome embodiments, Ti-9S (or T-9S) contains 6.5 wt %-8.5 wt % Al, between1 wt %-2 wt % V, 0.1 wt % or less C, 0.2 wt % or less Si, 0.4 wt % orless Fe, 0.15 wt % or less O, less than 0.05 wt % N, trace amounts ofMo, and trace amounts of Sn, with the remaining alloy composition beingtitanium. The solvus temperature for Ti-9S (or T-9S) is between 560° C.and 590° C. In some embodiments, the Ti-9S (or T-9s) will have higherporosity and a lower yield than Ti 8-1-1. Ti-9S (or T-9S) has a densityof about 0.156 lb/in³ to 0.157 lb/in³ (4.32-4.35 g/cc). Ti-9S (or T-9S)has a density of 0.156 lb/in³ (4.32 g/cc).

In other embodiments, the α-β Ti alloy can be Ti-6-6-2, Ti-6246, or IMI550. Titanium 662 can contain 6 wt % Al, 6 wt % V, and 2 wt % Sn, withthe remaining alloy composition being titanium and possibly some traceelements. Ti-6-6-2 has a density of 0.164 lb/in3 (4.54 g/cc). The solvustemperature for Ti 662 is between 540° C. and 560° C. Titanium 6246 cancontain 6 wt % Al, 2 wt % Sn, 4 wt % zirconium (Zr), and 6 wt % Mo, withthe remaining alloy composition being titanium and possibly some traceelements. The solvus temperature for Ti 6246 is between 570° C. and 590°C. Ti-6246 has a density of 0.168 lb/in3 (4.65 g/cc). IMI 550 cancontain 6 wt % Al, 2 wt % Sn, 4 wt % Mo, and 0.5 wt % Si, with theremaining alloy composition being titanium and possibly some traceelements. The solvus temperature for IMI 550 is between 490° C. and 510°C. IMI 550 has a density of 0.157 lb/in³ (4.60 g/cc).

In other embodiments, the first material can be another α-β Ti alloy,such as Ti-8-1-1, which can contain 8 wt % Al, 1.0 wt % Mo, and 1 wt %V, with the remaining alloy composition being titanium and possibly sometrace elements. In some embodiments, Ti-8-1-1 can contain 7.5 wt %-8.5wt % Al, 0.75 wt %-1.25 wt % Mo., 0.75 wt %-1.25 wt % V, a maximum of0.08 wt % C, a maximum of 0.3 wt % Fe, a maximum of 0.12 wt % O, amaximum of 0.05 wt % N, a maximum of 0.015 wt % H, a maximum of 0.015 wt% Sn, and trace amounts of Si, with the remaining alloy compositionbeing titanium. The solvus temperature for Ti-8-1-1 is between 560° C.and 590° C. In some embodiments, Ti-8-1-1 has a density of 0.1580 lb/in³(4.37 g/cc).

B) Wood or Hybrid Type Golf Club Head Material

As discussed above, the golf club head body 14 is formed from a secondmaterial. The second can be the same or different from the firstmaterial of the faceplate 14. The second material can have less strengththan the second material, but provides ductility to bend and flex to aidin lie angle bending. Further, the second material of the golf club head14 may provide for overall structural movement for launch angle, spinand ball speed via deflection and design capabilities for optimal centerof gravity placement.

The second material can be a stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, asteel alloy, a titanium alloy, an aluminum alloy, a combination thereof,or a composite material comprising, for example, plastic polymers andco-polymers, carbon fibers, fiberglass fibers or metal fibers. The steelalloy can be, for example, 455 steel, 475 steel, 431 steel, 17-4stainless steel, or maraging steel. The titanium alloy can be Ti-7-4,Ti-8-1-1, or Ti-6-4. The aluminum alloy can be high strength aluminumalloy or a composite aluminum alloy coated with a high-strength alloy.

II) Method of Forming Wood or Hybrid Type Club Head with High StrengthFace Material

FIG. 6 shows the process for forming for the golf club head assembly 30.The process for forming the club head assembly 30 can comprise heatcuring treatments of the faceplate 14 and the golf club head 10separately before welding into the club head assembly 30, a welding stepof the faceplate 14 and the golf club head 10 after heating to form agolf club head assembly 30, and a vibrational curing treatment step ofthe welded golf club head assembly. In the first step 62, the golf clubhead 10 is heated using a first heat treatment for a predeterminedamount of time. In the second step 64, the faceplate 14 is heated usinga second heat treatment for a predetermined amount of time. The secondheat treatment of the faceplate 14 can comprise heating the faceplate toa temperature at or above the solvus temperature of the faceplate 14first material. The first heat treatment of the golf club head 10 isheated to a predetermined temperature over a predetermined amount oftime. The third step 66 of the process is allowing the club head andfaceplate to air cool. The third step 66 can occur in an inert gasenvironment. The fourth step of the process 67 is aligning 66 thefaceplate 14 treated under the first heat treatment with the club headbody 10 treated under the second heat treatment. The fifth step 68 ofthe process is welding the faceplate 14 to the golf club head 10 to formthe golf club head assembly 30. The final step 70 is relieving thestress of the weld of golf club head assembly 30 by vibrational waves.This process allows the face and body to be treated separately allowingthe design of the club to utilize the idea physical properties of boththe faceplate 14 and the club head body 10 (e.g., ductility, strength,and durability parameters of the materials). The process of FIG. 6 isdiscussed in more detail below.

A) Heat Treatment of Faceplate and Wood or Hybrid Type Club Head

In one embodiment, the method of forming a golf club head assemblycomprises heating both the faceplate 14 and the golf club head 14 torelieve stresses through a thermal heat treatment (62, 64) (see FIG. 6).The heat treatments of the faceplate 14 and the golf club head 14 can bedifferent from each other and separate. The heat treatment of thefaceplate 14 can be a first heat treatment tailored to relieve stress ina furnace through thermal heat of microstructure stress. The first heattreatment and the second heat treatment can be performed in any order toeach other including simultaneously, but separately. The heat treatmentof the faceplate 14 can be used to utilize the high strength of thematerial of the faceplate 14 (i.e., the first material). The heattreatment of the golf club head 14 can be used to maintain the ductilityof the club head body to bend and flex in a way to aid in lie anglebending, and overall structural movement for launch, spin and ballspeed. The heat treatment of the golf club head 14 is the second heattreatment and can differ over the first heat treatment of the faceplate14.

1) First Heat Treatment of the Wood or Hybrid Type Golf Club Head Body

In one embodiment, the golf club head body 10 can be heated under afirst heat treatment. In one embodiment of the first heat treatment, theclub head body 10 can be exposed to no heat. In one embodiment of thefirst heat treatment, the club head body 10 can be heated to atemperature at, just above, or greater than the solvus temperature ofthe club head body 10 for a predetermined amount of time. In anotherembodiment of the first heat treatment, the club head body 10 can beheated to a temperature below the solvus temperature of the club headbody 10 for a predetermined amount of time. Also, during this step, aninert gas can be pumped into the heating chamber housing the club headbody 10 to remove all oxygen over a predetermined amount of timediscussed below. After heating, inert gas can be pumped back into achamber under vacuum housing the golf club head body 10, which ensuresno oxygen is present to prevent oxidation to the surface of the golfclub head body 10.

In one embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treated between 400° C.and 630° C. in the first step 62. In one embodiment, the club head body10 is heat treated between 425° C. and 550° C. In one embodiment, theclub head body 10 is heat treated between 450° C. and 525° C. in thefirst step 62. In one embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treatedbetween 550° C. and 625° C. in the first step 62. In one embodiment, theclub head body 10 is heat treated at 400° C., 410° C., 420° C., 430° C.,440° C., 450° C., 460° C., 470° C., 480° C., 490° C., 500° C., 510° C.,520° C., 530° C., 540° C., 550° C., 560° C., 570° C., 580° C., 590° C.,600° C., 610° C., 620° C., or 630° C. in the second step 64 for 30minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes,210 minutes, 240 minutes, 270 minutes, 300 minutes, 330 minutes or 360minutes.

In one embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treated at atemperature of at least 400° C. in the first step 62. In one embodiment,the club head body 10 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 420°C. in the first step 62. In one embodiment, the club head body 10 isheat treated at a temperature of at least 440° C. in the first step 62.In one embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treated at atemperature of at least 460° C. in the first step 62. In one embodiment,the club head body 10 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 475°C. in the first step 62. In one embodiment, the club head body 10 isheat treated at a temperature of at least 480° C. in the first step 62.In one embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treated at atemperature of at least 500° C. in the first step 62. In one embodiment,the club head body 10 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 520°C. in the first step 62. In one embodiment, the club head body 10 isheat treated at a temperature of at least 540° C. in the first step 62.In one embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treated at atemperature of at least 560° C. in the first step 62. In one embodiment,the club head body 10 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 575°C. in the first step 62. In one embodiment, the club head body 10 isheat treated at a temperature of at least 580° C. In one embodiment, theclub head body 10 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 600° C.in the first step 62. In one embodiment, the club head body 10 is heattreated at a temperature of at least 620° C. in the first step 62. Inone embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treated at a temperatureof at least 625° C. in the first step 62. In one embodiment, the clubhead body 10 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 630° C. in thefirst step 62.

In one embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treated between 475° C.and 500° C. for between 4 hours and 6 hours in the first step 62. Inanother embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treated between 575°C. and 625° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the first step 62. Inanother embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treated at about 550°C. for between 1 hour and 4 hours. In other embodiments, the club headbody 10 can be formed from a different alloy in the first step 62. Inother embodiments, the heat treatment process can be implemented atother temperatures for a different amount of time. In addition, the heattreatment can be applied to a variety of materials and a variety ofweld-types.

The first heat treatment can improve the strength, ductility anddurability of the club head body 10. The improved strength permits theclub head body 10 to be made thinner without sacrificing durability,thereby reducing club head weight. The reduced weight of club head body10 shifts the center of gravity of the club head assembly 30, and allowsadditional weight to be added to another component of the club tofurther adjust the center of gravity and moment of inertia. Increasingstrength and durability while maintaining the ductility of the club headbody 10 allows the body to bend and flex in a way to provide spring backeffect to the faceplate 14, aid in lie angle bending, and provideoverall structural movement for launch angle, spin and ball speed.

2) Second Heat Treatment of the Faceplate

In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 can be heated under a second heattreatment. In one embodiment of the second heat treatment, the faceplate14 can be heated to a temperature at, just above, or greater than thesolvus temperature of the faceplate for a predetermined amount of time.In another embodiment, the faceplate 14 can be heat treated at atemperature at, just above or greater than the α-β Ti solvus temperaturefor a predetermined amount of time. Also, during this step, an inert gascan be pumped into the heating chamber housing the faceplate 14 toremove all oxygen over a predetermined amount of time discussed below.After heating to, just above, or greater than the α-β Ti solvustemperature, inert gas can be pumped back into a chamber under vacuumhousing the faceplate 14, which ensures no oxygen is present to preventoxidation to the titanium faceplate 14.

As understood by a person of ordinary skill, the solvus temperature foran alloy is the temperature barrier at which smaller constituentmolecules dissolve within the general matrix of the material and becomemore mobile. The solvus temperature for an α-β Ti depending uponcondition of the heating (ie. pressure) can be above 400° C. and below600° C.

α-β Ti Solvus Temperature (° C.) Ti 6-4 540-560 Ti-9S 560-590 Ti 6246570-590 Ti 662 540-560 IMI 550 490-510 Ti 8-1-1 560-590

In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated between 400° C. and630° C. in the second step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 isheat treated between 425° C. and 550° C. In one embodiment, thefaceplate 14 is heat treated between 450° C. and 525° C. in the secondstep 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated between550° C. and 625° C. in the second step 64. In one embodiment, thefaceplate 14 is heat treated at 400° C., 410° C., 420° C., 430° C., 440°C., 450° C., 460° C., 470° C., 480° C., 490° C., 500° C., 510° C., 520°C., 530° C., 540° C., 550° C., 560° C., 570° C., 580° C., 590° C., 600°C., 610° C., 620° C., or 630° C. in the second step 64 for 30 minutes,60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes, 210minutes, 240 minutes, 270 minutes, 300 minutes, 330 minutes or 360minutes.

In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature ofat least 400° C. in the second step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate14 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 420° C. in the secondstep 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at atemperature of at least 440° C. in the second step 64. In oneembodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature of atleast 460° C. in the second step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14is heat treated at a temperature of at least 475° C. in the second step64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperatureof at least 480° C. in the second step 64. In one embodiment, thefaceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 500° C. in thesecond step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at atemperature of at least 520° C. in the second step 64. In oneembodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature of atleast 540° C. in the second step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14is heat treated at a temperature of at least 560° C. in the second step64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperatureof at least 575° C. in the second step 64. In one embodiment, thefaceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 580° C. In oneembodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature of atleast 600° C. in the second step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14is heat treated at a temperature of at least 620° C. in the second step64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperatureof at least 625° C. in the second step 64. In one embodiment, thefaceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 630° C. in thesecond step 64.

In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated between 475° C. and500° C. for between 4 hours and 6 hours in the second step 64. Inanother embodiment the faceplate 14 is heat treated between 575° C. and625° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 64. In anotherembodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at about 550° C. forbetween 1 hour and 4 hours. In other embodiments, the faceplate 14 canbe formed from a different alloy in the second step 64. In otherembodiments, the heat treatment process can be implemented at othertemperatures for a different amount of time. In addition, the heattreatment can be applied to a variety of materials and a variety ofweld-types.

In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature ator above the solvus temperature of the α-β Ti alloy for between 1 hourand 6 hours in the second step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14is heat treated at a temperature at or above the solvus temperature ofthe α-β Ti alloy for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 64.In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature ator above the solvus temperature of the α-β Ti alloy for between 1 hourand 4 hours in the second step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14is heat treated at a temperature at or above the solvus temperature ofthe α-β Ti alloy for between 4 hours and 6 hours in the second step 64.In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature ator above the solvus temperature of the α-β Ti alloy for between 1.5hours and 5.5 hours in the second step 64. In one embodiment, thefaceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature at or above the solvustemperature of the α-β Ti alloy for between 2 hours and 5 hours in thesecond step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at atemperature at or above the solvus temperature of the α-β Ti alloy forbetween 2.5 hours and 4.5 hours in the second step 64. In oneembodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature at orabove the solvus temperature of the α-β Ti alloy for between 3 hours and4 hours in the second step 64.

In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature ator above the solvus temperature of the α-β Ti alloy for at least 1 hourin the second step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heattreated at a temperature at or above the solvus temperature of the α-βTi alloy for at least 1.5 hours in the second step 64. In oneembodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature at orabove the solvus temperature of the α-β Ti alloy for at least 2 hours inthe second step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treatedat a temperature at or above the solvus temperature of the α-β Ti alloyfor at least 2.5 hours in the second step 64. In one embodiment, thefaceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature at or above the solvustemperature of the α-β Ti alloy for at least 3 hours in the second step64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperatureat or above the solvus temperature of the α-β Ti alloy for at least 3.5hours in the second step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heattreated at a temperature at or above the solvus temperature of the α-βTi alloy for at least 4 hours in the second step 64. In one embodiment,the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature at or above the solvustemperature of the α-β Ti alloy for at least 4.5 hours in the secondstep 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at atemperature at or above the solvus temperature of the α-β Ti alloy forat least 5 hours in the second step 64. In one embodiment, the faceplate14 is heat treated at a temperature at or above the solvus temperatureof the α-β Ti alloy for at least 5.5 hours in the second step 64. In oneembodiment, the faceplate 14 is heat treated at a temperature at orabove the solvus temperature of the α-β Ti alloy for at least 6 hours inthe second step 64.

Heat-treating the faceplate 14 above the solvus temperature. The heattreatment above the solvus temperature disperses stresses throughout thefaceplate 14. The heat-treatment improves the durability of thefaceplate 14 by relieving the stresses. In addition, heat-treating thefaceplate 14 above the solvus temperature reduces the possibility ofgenerating titanium-aluminum (Ti₃Al) crystals.

The grains of the faceplate alloy can be aligned in a crown to soleorientation prior to heat treating. The crown to sole orientation of thealloy grains permits stretching in the same direction. In someembodiments, the grains of the faceplate α-β titanium (α-β Ti) alloy canbe aligned in a crown to sole orientation prior to heat treating. Thecrown to sole orientation of the α-β Ti alloy grains permits stretchingin the same direction. In some embodiments, the grains of the faceplateTi-6Al-4V (or Ti 6-4), Ti-9S (or T-9S), Ti-662, Ti-8-1-1, Ti-65K,Ti-15-3-3-3, Ti-6246, or IMI 550 alloy can be aligned in a crown to soleorientation prior to heat treating. The crown to sole orientation of theTi-6Al-4V (or Ti 6-4), Ti-9S (or T-9S), Ti-662, Ti-8-1-1, Ti-65K,Ti-15-3-3-3, Ti-6246, or IMI 550 alloy grains permits stretching in thesame direction.

The second heat treatment also improves the strength of the faceplate14. The improved strength permits the faceplate 14 to be made thinnerwithout sacrificing durability, thereby reducing club head weight. Thereduced weight of faceplate 14 shifts the center of gravity of the clubhead assembly 30, and allows additional weight to be added to anothercomponent of the club to further adjust the center of gravity and momentof inertia. Increasing the strength of the faceplate 14 also increasesthe durability of the faceplate 14, which permits the faceplate 14 toendure a significantly higher number of hits against a golf ball andmaintain the faceplate's slightly bowed or rounded shape over the lifeof the club while sustaining hundreds or thousands of golf ball strikes.Therefore, the club is more forgiving when a ball is struck off-centerbecause the rounded shape of the faceplate 14 provides a “gear effect”between the ball and faceplate 14.

B) Cooling the Wood or Hybrid Type Golf Club Body and the Faceplateafter Heat Treatment

In one embodiment of the process, after the steps of heating the clubhead 10 and the faceplate 14 separately, the club head 10 and thefaceplate 14 are allowed to cool to room temperature (66) (see FIG. 6).In another embodiment, after the heat treatment, the club head assembly30 can be allowed to air cool to slowly reduce the club head assembly'stemperature. The cooling of the club head 10 and the faceplate 14 can bedone in an inert gas environment or non-contained environment (openair). In one embodiment, the first and second heat treatment steps canbe followed by a cooling step where additional inert gas can be pumpedback into the chamber where the club head 10 or faceplate 14 are allowedto cool to room temperature. In another embodiment, the club headassembly 30 can be allowed to cool in inert gas to slowly reduce theclub head assembly's temperature and reduce chance for oxidation. Theinert gas can be selected from the group consisting of nitrogen (N),argon (Ar), helium (He), neon (Ne), krypton (Kr), and xenon (Xe) or acompound gas thereof.

C) Welding Faceplate to the Wood or Hybrid Type Golf Club Head Body

In one embodiment of the process, the cooled club head 10 and thefaceplate 14 are aligned (67) and welded (68) to form the golf club headassembly 30 (see FIG. 6). As shown in FIG. 2, the club head 10 caninclude a recess or opening 22 for receiving the faceplate 14. Theopening may include a lip 26 extending around the perimeter of theopening 22. During the welding process, the faceplate 14 is aligned (67)with the opening and the lip 26. The faceplate 14 is secured to the clubhead 10 by welding (68) to form a club head assembly 30. In oneembodiment, the welding can be arc welding, oxyfuel gas welding,resistance welding, solid state welding, laser beam welding, laserhybrid welding, thermite welding, percussion welding, pulse plasmawelding, electron beam welding, electrogas welding, stud arc welding, orinduction welding. The welding can be a pulse plasma welding process.

The welding between the faceplate 14 and the golf club head 10 canintroduce stresses associated with the weld-metal heat affected zone(HAZ) formed by the weld line. The HAZ is an area around the weld inwhich the material properties have been altered due to the weldingprocess. Because of the stark contrast in mechanical properties betweenthe HAZ and the rest of the metal matrix, the HAZ is much more likely toexperience a crack and fail.

As discussed in corresponding US Patent Publication Appl. No.2015-0232976, which is incorporated fully herein by reference, a heatcuring step could be performed on the golf club head assembly 30 afterthe welding step. As further discussed in US Patent Publication Appl.No. 2015-0232976, previous post-weld treatments were performed below thesolvus temperature for a short duration of time. These processes simplyaged the metals, but did not address the increased stresses transferredto the weld area. Furthermore, the faceplate was not sufficiently strongand would flatten or lose its curvature relatively quickly. In contrast,the heat treatment above the solvus temperature disperses stresses inthe weld metal HAZ. The heat-treatment improves the durability of theHAZ by relieving the stresses. In addition, heat-treating the club headassembly 30 above the solvus temperature reduces the possibility ofgenerating titanium-aluminum (Ti₃Al) crystals along the weld. Theproblem with heating the golf club assembly 30, however, is subsequentheat treat steps on the HAZ require compromised thermal cycles tobalance out the mechanical properties of both the golf club body 10 andthe faceplate 14.

Specifically, utilization of this heat curing step of the golf clubassembly 30 requires a trade-off between the materials of the faceplateand the materials of the golf club body. The goal of heat curing afaceplate is to make the faceplate material as strong as the materialwill allow, and yet avoid introducing an unacceptable level ofbrittleness. The goal of heat curing a golf club body is also to relievestresses introduce during forging, but also maintain its' ductility andoverall structural movement. To achieve these goals, a different levelof heat curing (temperate and time) a faceplate is required over a heatcuring treatment of a golf club head body because the material of thefaceplate and the golf club head body are different.

The preassembled heating steps described above in the process allow thedesign of the club to utilize idea mechanical properties described abovefor the faceplate 14 and the club head body 10. To relieve the stressesintroduced by the welding metal HAZ, use of vibrational waves orsub-harmonic waves can be used to target the HAZ of the golf clubassembly 30 in this process.

D) Vibrational Stress Relief

The method of forming a golf club assembly 30 further comprises the stepof relieving the stress generated during the welding step usingvibrational waves (70) (FIG. 6). The use of vibrational waves is astress-relief technique disperses stresses in the weld metal HAZ. Theuse of vibrational waves can also be used to relieve stresses introducedin the faceplate 14 and the club head body 10 during casting. The use ofvibrational waves as a stress relieving method of metals is described inU.S. Pat. No. 4,968,359 and use of various vibrational treatments isdescribed in US Patent Publication Appl. No. 2012/0198376, both of whichare fully incorporated herein by reference. The method step comprisesexposing the golf club assembly 30 to these vibrational stress relieftechniques described below.

The vibrational stress-relief technique applies mechanical cyclicvibration energy to the golf club assembly 30 over a test frequencyrange and then monitoring damping effects of energy flowing into thegolf club assembly 30 as a function of frequency to identify a pluralityof orders of harmonic vibration absorption peaks, each consisting of aplurality of vibration absorption resonant peaks. This identification ofharmonic vibrational absorption peaks can apply to various stress zonesin the golf club assembly 30 (i.e, the faceplate 14 and club head body10) including the HAZ of the golf club assembly 30 after the weld step.A typical metal part can display up to forty-eight resonant peaksgrouped into eight orders of harmonics, each consisting of approximatelysix resonant peaks. Harmonic vibration absorption peaks aredistinguished from resonant vibration absorption peaks by appropriatelydamping the response characteristics of a vibration transducer coupledto the golf club assembly 30 such that the electrical output thereofvaries as a function of harmonic groups of resonant peaks rather thanthe resonant peaks themselves.

The vibrational stress-relieve technique further can compriseidentifying a specific harmonic peak among the three lowest orders ofharmonics as a function of composition of the golf club assembly 30 tobe stress relieved. This can include stress zones within the faceplate14 and club head body 10 of the golf club assembly 30 that were notproperly cured during the heating step of the method, or the HAZ zone ofthe golf club assembly 30 after the weld step.

For example, the first order of harmonics, centered at approximatelytwenty-five hertz, is particularly advantageous for stress relief oflow-carbon steels and cast iron. The second order of harmonics centeredat about forty hertz has been found to be particularly advantageous forhigh-carbon steels, whereas the third order of harmonics centered atabout fifty hertz has been found to particularly advantageous inconjunction with aluminum, titanium or copper alloys. Depending upon themake-up of the faceplate 14 and the golf club body 10, the particularharmonics at a particular hertz (Hz) can be identified to relieve thestress of that part of the golf club assembly 30. The harmonics cantherefore be centered at about 24 Hz, 25 Hz, 26 Hz, 27 Hz, 28 Hz, 29 Hz,30 Hz, 31 Hz, 32 Hz, 33 Hz, 34 Hz, 35 Hz, 36 Hz, 37 Hz, 38 Hz, 39 Hz, 40Hz, 41 Hz, 42 Hz, 43 Hz, 44 Hz, 45 Hz, 46 Hz, 47 Hz, 48 Hz, 49 Hz, 50Hz, 51 Hz, 52 Hz, 53 Hz, 54 Hz or 55 Hz in conjunction with thefaceplate 14 and/or the golf club head body 10. The harmonics cantherefore be centered at about 24 Hz, 25 Hz, 26 Hz, 27 Hz, 28 Hz, 29 Hz,30 Hz, 31 Hz, 32 Hz, 33 Hz, 34 Hz, 35 Hz, 36 Hz, 37 Hz, 38 Hz, 39 Hz, 40Hz, 41 Hz, 42 Hz, 43 Hz, 44 Hz, 45 Hz, 46 Hz, 47 Hz, 48 Hz, 49 Hz, 50Hz, 51 Hz, 52 Hz, 53 Hz, 54 Hz or 55 Hz in conjunction with particularregions of the golf club head assembly 30 (i.e., the toe end, heel end,sole, crown, front, back etc.). The harmonics can therefore be centeredat about 24 Hz, 25 Hz, 26 Hz, 27 Hz, 28 Hz, 29 Hz, 30 Hz, 31 Hz, 32 Hz,33 Hz, 34 Hz, 35 Hz, 36 Hz, 37 Hz, 38 Hz, 39 Hz, 40 Hz, 41 Hz, 42 Hz, 43Hz, 44 Hz, 45 Hz, 46 Hz, 47 Hz, 48 Hz, 49 Hz, 50 Hz, 51 Hz, 52 Hz, 53Hz, 54 Hz or 55 Hz in conjunction with weld HAZ of the golf club headassembly 30.

A specific sub-harmonic stress relief frequency is then identified alongthe leading slope or shoulder of the selected harmonic peak, preferablyat a frequency corresponding to harmonic vibration amplitude equal toone third of the peak amplitude of the selected harmonic peak.Mechanical cyclic vibration energy is then applied to the part forextended time duration at the sub-harmonic stress relief frequency soidentified.

It has been found that stress relief can be implemented on a widevariety of metal alloys, both soft and hard alloys, and at processingstages at which the alloys are either hot or cold. Further, stressrelief can be implemented either during the welding step described aboveor after welding of the golf club heads assembly 30. Cyclic vibrationenergy applied at the sub-harmonic stress relief frequency allowsdynamic kinetic energy to flow into the metal of the particular regionof the golf club assembly 30 including the HAZ when the frequency ofcyclic vibration is applied with a low steady stable constant level.Cyclic vibration is a dynamic loading and unloading mechanism that usesthe mass-spring relationship found in metal alloys. Compliance of theyield modulus (stiffness) represents the amount of critical (tensile)residual stress retained in the metal structure. When cold mechanicalcyclic energy is applied at the sub-harmonic frequency, it redistributesor transforms the unwanted residual stress from weakness to strength. Atime soak of low harmonic energy (typically under two hours) providesmetal relaxation similar to that gained from two to three years ofoutdoor aging.

In addition, the heat treatment along with the vibrational stress relieftechnique can be applied to a variety of materials and a variety ofweld-types. Depending upon the region of the golf club head assembly,the faceplate 14 can be treated with as described above over the solvustemperature of the metal or metal composite of the faceplate 14, andthen further exposed to the vibrational stress relief technique. Thevibrational stress relief technique can further be used in place of thefirst and second heat treatment steps describe above.

The post-weld vibrational stress relief disperses stresses associatedwith the weld-metal heat affected zone (HAZ) of the golf club assembly30, or the area around the weld in which the material properties havebeen altered due to the welding process. Because of the stark contrastin mechanical properties between the HAZ and the rest of the metalmatrix, the HAZ is much more likely to experience a crack and fail.Using the vibrational stress-relief technique in this method preventsthe faceplate from flattening or losing its' curvature relativelyquickly. The vibrational stress-relieve technique disperses stresses inthe weld metal HAZ. The identification of the specific sub-harmonicstress relief frequency along the leading slope or shoulder of theselected harmonic peak of the particular treatment region of golf clubhead assembly 30 improves the durability of the HAZ by relieving thestresses. In addition, the vibrational stress-relief technique reducesthe possibility of generating titanium-aluminum (Ti₃Al) crystals alongthe weld.

III) Iron Type Club Head with High Strength Face Material

Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, another embodiment of the club head assembly300 comprising an iron type golf club head 100, is shown. The golf clubhead 100 includes a toe portion 102, a heel portion 104, a top portion108, a bottom portion 110, a front portion 112, a face plate 114, a backportion 116, and a lower back portion 120. In the illustratedembodiment, the golf club head 100 includes a cavity 118 in the backportion 120 of the golf club head. In other embodiment, the golf clubhead 100 can include a solid back portion. Further, the golf club head100 can include a welded portion. The welded portion can comprise any ofthe aforementioned portions of the club head 100. The welded portion canbe formed and heat treated separately, and then welded to the otherportions of the club head 100, forming the club head assembly 300. Thegolf club head 100 can be formed from a first material and the weldedportion can be formed from a second material. The first material can bea cast material, a forged material, a machined material, a rolledmaterial or any other suitable material. The second material can be thesame or different than the first material and can be a cast material, aforged material, a machined material, a rolled material or any othersuitable material.

The club head 100 can also include a hosel and a hosel transition (shownas 122). For example, the hosel can be located at or proximate to theheel end 104. The hosel can extend from the club head 100 via the hoseltransition 122. To form a golf club, the hosel can receive a first endof a shaft 20 (FIG. 1). The shaft 20 can be secured to the golf clubhead 10 by an adhesive bonding process (e.g., epoxy) and/or othersuitable bonding processes (e.g., mechanical bonding, soldering,welding, and/or brazing). Further, a grip (not shown) can be secured toa second end of the shaft 20 to complete the golf club.

A) Faceplate as Welded Portion

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 9, the faceplate 114 comprises thewelded portion of the club head 100. The welded portion is illustratedusing the dashed line 1000. The club head 100 is similar to the clubhead 10 as it comprises a recess or opening (not shown) for receivingthe faceplate 114. Similarly to club head 10, the opening includes a lip(not shown) extending around the perimeter of the opening. The faceplate114 is aligned with the opening and abuts the lip. As discussed below,the faceplate 114 is secured to the club head 100 by welding, formingthe club head assembly 300.

The faceplate 114 includes a heel end 134 and a toe end 138 opposite theheel end 134. The heel end 134 is positioned proximate the hosel portion(hosel and hosel transition 122) where the shaft 20 (FIG. 1) is coupledto the club head assembly 300. The faceplate 114 further includes acrown edge 142 and a sole edge 146 opposite the crown edge 142. Thecrown edge 142 is positioned adjacent an upper edge of the club head100, while the sole edge 146 is positioned adjacent the lower edge ofthe club head 100. In one embodiment, the faceplate can have a minimumwall thickness of 0.8 millimeters to 2.5 millimeters. For example, thefaceplate can have a thickness of less than 2.5 millimeters, less than2.4 millimeters, less than 2.3 millimeters, less than 2.2 millimeters,less than 2.1 millimeters, less than 2.0 millimeters, less than 1.9millimeters, less than 1.8 millimeters, less than 1.7 millimeters, lessthan 1.6 millimeters, less than 1.5 millimeters, less than 1.4millimeters, less than 1.3 millimeters, less than 1.2 millimeters, lessthan 1.1 millimeters, less than 1.0 millimeters, less than 0.9millimeters, or less than 0.8 millimeters. In one embodiment, thefaceplate can have a minimum wall thickness of 1.7 millimeters.

B) Front Portion as Welded Portion

In another embodiment, referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, the front portion112 comprises the welded portion of the club head 100. The weldedportion is illustrated using the dashed line 1000. The club head 100 issimilar to the club head 10 as it comprises a recess or opening (notshown) for receiving the front portion 112. Similarly to club head 10,the opening includes a lip (not shown) extending around the perimeter ofthe opening. The front portion 112 is aligned with the opening and abutsthe lip. As discussed below, the front portion 112 is secured to theclub head 100 by welding, forming the club head assembly 300.

The front portion 112 includes a heel end 134 and a toe end 138 oppositethe heel end 134. The heel end 134 is positioned proximate the hoselportion (hosel and hosel transition 122) where the shaft 20 (FIG. 1) iscoupled to the club head assembly 30. The front portion 112 furtherincludes a crown edge 142 and a sole edge 146 opposite the crown edge142. The crown edge 142 is positioned adjacent an upper edge of the clubhead 100, while the sole edge 146 is positioned adjacent the lower edgeof the club head 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the front portion112 includes the faceplate 114. In other embodiments, the faceplate 114is an insert and can be coupled to the front portion 112 after it hasbeen welded to the club head 100.

C) Back Portion as Welded Portion

In another embodiment, referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, the back portion116 comprises the welded portion of the club head 100. The weldedportion is illustrated using the dashed line 1000. The club head 100 issimilar to the club head 10 as it comprises a recess or opening (notshown) for receiving the back portion 116. Similarly to club head 10,the opening includes a lip (not shown) extending around the perimeter ofthe opening. The back portion 116 is aligned with the opening and abutsthe lip. As discussed below, the back portion 116 is secured to the clubhead 100 by welding, forming the club head assembly 300.

The back portion 116 includes a heel end 134 and a toe end 138 oppositethe heel end 134. The heel end 134 is positioned proximate the hoselportion (hosel and hosel transition 122) where the shaft 20 (FIG. 1) iscoupled to the club head assembly 30. The back portion 116 furtherincludes a crown edge 142 and a sole edge 146 opposite the crown edge142. The crown edge 142 is positioned adjacent an upper edge of the clubhead 100, while the sole edge 146 is positioned adjacent the lower edgeof the club head 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the back portion116 includes a cavity style back. In other embodiments, the back portion116 can comprise a blade or solid style back.

D) Lower Back Portion as Welded Portion

In another embodiment, referring to FIG. 14, the lower back portion 120comprises the welded portion of the club head 100. The welded portion isillustrated using the dashed line 1000. The club head 100 is similar tothe club head 10 as it comprises a recess or opening (not shown) forreceiving the lower back portion 120. Similarly to club head 10, theopening includes a lip (not shown) extending around the perimeter of theopening. The lower back portion 120 is aligned with the opening andabuts the lip. As discussed below, the lower back portion 120 is securedto the club head 100 by welding, forming the club head assembly 300.

The lower back portion 120 includes a heel end 134 and a toe end 138opposite the heel end 134. The heel end 134 is positioned proximate thehosel portion (hosel and hosel transition 122) where the shaft 20(FIG. 1) is coupled to the club head assembly 30. The lower back portion120 further includes a crown edge 142 and a sole edge 146 opposite thecrown edge 142. The crown edge 142 is positioned adjacent an upper edgeof the club head 100, while the sole edge 146 is positioned adjacent thelower edge of the club head 100. In the illustrated embodiment, thelower back portion 120 comprises the back wall of the cavity 118. Inother embodiments, the lower back portion 120 can comprise a weightedportion of a solid back portion 116.

IV) Iron Type Club Head Materials

As discussed above, the club head 100 portion can comprise a firstmaterial and the welded portion can comprise a second material. Thefirst material can be a cast material, a forged material, a machinedmaterial, a rolled material or any other suitable material. The secondmaterial can be the same or different than the first material and can bea cast material, a forged material, a machined material, a rolledmaterial or any other suitable material.

In some embodiments, the portion of the club head assembly 300 whichcomprises the hosel and the hosel transition 122 can comprise a soft,and ductile material to aid in lie angle bending, while the portion ofthe club head assembly 300 comprising the faceplate 114 can comprise ahigh strength, harder material to aid in groove wear and ball speed. Forexample, the portion of the club head assembly 300 containing the hoseland hosel transition 122 can comprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 4340steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a 1025 steel alloy, a S45C steel alloy,or a 8620 steel alloy, while the portion of the club head assembly 300comprising the faceplate 114 can comprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 15-5stainless steel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a M54 steelalloy, a 300M steel alloy, or an H11 steel alloy.

In other embodiments, the portion of the club head assembly 300, whichcomprises the hosel and the hosel transition 122, can comprise a highstrength, hard material, while the portion of the club head assembly 300comprising the faceplate 114 can comprise a softer, more ductilematerial. For example, the portion of the club head assembly 300containing the hosel and hosel transition 122 can comprise a 17-4stainless steel, a 15-5 stainless steel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140steel alloy, a M54 steel alloy, a 300M steel alloy, or an H11 steelalloy, while the portion of the club head assembly 300 comprising thefaceplate 114 can comprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 4340 steel alloy, a4140 steel alloy, a 1025 steel alloy, a S45C steel alloy, or a 8620steel alloy.

In some embodiments the first or second material can comprise 17-4stainless steel alloy having approximately 15.0-17.5% chromium,approximately 3.0-5.0% nickel, approximately 2.8-3.5% copper, with theremaining alloy composition being iron and other trace elementsincluding approximately 0.15-0.45% niobium, less than or equal to 0.07%carbon, less than or equal to 1.0% manganese, less than or equal to 0.5%molybdenum, less than or equal to 0.05% nitrogen, less than or equal to0.05% oxygen, less than or equal to 0.04% phosphorus, less than or equalto 0.03% sulfur, and less than or equal to 1.0% silicon. The solutiontemperature for 17-4 stainless steel is approximately 1040° C. 0.17-4stainless steel has a density of 0.28 lb/in³ (7.78 g/cc).

In some embodiments the first or second material can comprise a 15-5stainless steel alloy having approximately 0.7-0.9% chromium,approximately 1.65-2% nickel with the remaining alloy composition beingiron and other trace elements including approximately 0.6-0.8%manganese, approximately 0.37-0.43% carbon, approximately 0.2-0.3%molybdenum, approximately 0.15-0.3% silicon, less than or equal to 0.04%sulfur, less than or equal to 0.035% phosphorus. The solutiontemperature for 15-5 stainless steel is approximately 1040° C. 15-5stainless steel has a density of 0.28 lb/in³ (7.78 g/cc).

In some embodiments the first or second material can comprise a 4340steel alloy having approximately 14.0-15.5% chromium, approximately3.5-5.5% nickel, approximately 2.5-4.5% copper, with the remaining alloycomposition being iron and other trace elements including approximately0.15-0.45% niobium, less than or equal to 0.07% carbon, less than orequal to 1.0% manganese, less than or equal to 0.04% phosphorus, lessthan or equal to 0.03% sulfur, and less than or equal to 1.0% silicon.The solution temperature for 4340 steel alloy is approximately 850° C.4340 steel alloy has a density of 0.284 lb/in³ (7.85 g/cc).

In some embodiments the first or second material can comprise a 4140steel alloy having approximately 0.8-1.1% chromium, approximately0.75-1.0% manganese, with the remaining alloy composition being iron andother trace elements including approximately 0.38-0.43% carbon,approximately 0.15-0.30% silicon, approximately 0.15-0.25% molybdenum,less than or equal to 0.04% sulfur, and less than or equal to 0.035%phosphorous. The solution temperature for 4140 steel alloy isapproximately 845° C. 4140 steel alloy has a density of 0.284 lb/in³(7.85 g/cc).

In some embodiments the first or second material can comprise a M54steel alloy having approximately 1% chromium, approximately 10% nickel,approximately 7% cobalt, approximately 2.0% molybdenum, approximately1.3% tungsten with the remaining alloy composition being iron and othertrace elements including approximately 0.3% carbon, and less than orequal to 0.1% vanadium. The solution temperature for M54 steel alloy isapproximately 1080° C. M54 steel alloy has a density of 0.288 lb/in³(7.98 g/cc).

In some embodiments the first or second material can comprise a 300Msteel alloy having approximately 0.7-0.95% chromium, approximately1.65-2.0% nickel, approximately 1.45-1.8% silicon with the remainingalloy composition being iron and other trace elements includingapproximately 0.4-0.46% carbon, approximately 0.65-0.90% manganese,approximately 0.3-0.45% molybdenum, less than or equal to 0.035%phosphorous, less than or equal to 0.05% vanadium, less than or equal to0.40% sulfur. The solution temperature for 300M steel alloy isapproximately 930° C. 300M steel alloy has a density of 0.284 lb/in³(7.87 g/cc).

In some embodiments the first or second material can comprise a H11steel alloy having approximately 4.75-5.5% chromium, approximately1.10-1.60% molybdenum, approximately 0.8-1.2% silicon with the remainingalloy composition being iron and other trace elements includingapproximately 0.33-0.43% carbon, approximately 0.2-0.5% manganese,approximately 0.3-0.6% vanadium, less than or equal to 0.25 copper, lessthan or equal to 0.03% phosphorous, less than or equal to less than orequal to 0.03% sulfur, less than or equal to 0.3% nickel. The solutiontemperature for H11 steel alloy is approximately 1000° C. H11 steelalloy has a density of 0.284 lb/in³ (7.87 g/cc).

In some embodiments the first or second material can comprise a 1025steel alloy having approximately 0.22-0.28% carbon, approximately0.30-0.60% manganese with the remaining alloy composition being iron andother trace elements including less than or equal to 0.05 sulfur, lessthan or equal to 0.04% phosphorous. The solution temperature for 1025steel alloy is approximately 910° C. 1025 steel alloy has a density of0.2839 lb/in³ (7.85 g/cc).

In some embodiments the first or second material can comprise a S45Csteel alloy having approximately 0.42-0.48% carbon, approximately0.6-0.9% manganese with the remaining alloy composition being iron andother trace elements including approximately 0.15-0.35% silicon, lessthan or equal to 0.035 sulfur, less than or equal to 0.03% phosphorous.The solution temperature for S45C steel alloy is approximately 880° C.S45C steel alloy has a density of 0.2841b/in³ (7.86 g/cc).

In some embodiments the first or second material can comprise a 8620steel alloy having approximately 0.4-0.6% chromium, approximately0.7-0.9% manganese, approximately 0.4-0.7 manganese with the remainingalloy composition being iron and other trace elements includingapproximately 0.18-0.23 carbon, approximately 0.15-0.35% silicon,approximately 0.15-0.25 molybdenum, less than or equal to 0.04 sulfur,less than or equal to 0.035% phosphorous. The solution temperature for8620 steel alloy is approximately 915° C. 8620 steel alloy has a densityof 0.2841b/in³ (7.85 g/cc).

A) Faceplate as Welded Portion Materials

In some embodiments, wherein the welded portion comprises the faceplate114, the second material can be a harder material and the first materialcan be a softer material. For example, the welded portion can comprise a17-4 stainless steel, a 15-5 stainless steel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140steel alloy, a M54 steel alloy, a 300M steel alloy, or an H11 steelalloy and the first material can comprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 4340steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a 1025 steel alloy, a S45C steel alloy,or a 8620 steel alloy. In other embodiments, the second material cancomprise a softer material and the first material can comprise a hardermaterial. For example, the welded portion can comprise a 17-4 stainlesssteel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a 1025 steel alloy, aS45C steel alloy, or a 8620 steel alloy and the first material cancomprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 15-5 stainless steel, a 4340 steelalloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a M54 steel alloy, a 300M steel alloy, or anH11 steel alloy. In other embodiments, the first material and the secondmaterial can comprise the same softer material or can comprise the sameharder material.

B) Front Portion as Welded Portion Materials

In some embodiments, wherein the welded portion comprises the frontportion 112, the second material can be a harder material and the firstmaterial can be a softer material. For example, the welded portion cancomprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 15-5 stainless steel, a 4340 steelalloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a M54 steel alloy, a 300M steel alloy, or anH11 steel alloy and the first material can comprise a 17-4 stainlesssteel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a 1025 steel alloy, aS45C steel alloy, or a 8620 steel alloy. In other embodiments, thesecond material can comprise a softer material and the first materialcan comprise a harder material. For example, the welded portion cancomprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy,a 1025 steel alloy, a S45C steel alloy, or a 8620 steel alloy and thefirst material can comprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 15-5 stainlesssteel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a M54 steel alloy, a 300Msteel alloy, or an H11 steel alloy. In other embodiments, the firstmaterial and the second material can comprise the same softer materialor can comprise the same harder material.

C) Back Portion as Welded Portion Materials

In some embodiments, wherein the welded portion comprises the backportion 116, the second material can be a harder material and the firstmaterial can be a softer material. For example, the welded portion cancomprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 15-5 stainless steel, a 4340 steelalloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a M54 steel alloy, a 300M steel alloy, or anH11 steel alloy and the first material can comprise a 17-4 stainlesssteel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a 1025 steel alloy, aS45C steel alloy, or a 8620 steel alloy. In other embodiments, thesecond material can comprise a softer material and the first materialcan comprise a harder material. For example, the welded portion cancomprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy,a 1025 steel alloy, a S45C steel alloy, or a 8620 steel alloy and thefirst material can comprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 15-5 stainlesssteel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a M54 steel alloy, a 300Msteel alloy, or an H11 steel alloy. In other embodiments, the firstmaterial and the second material can comprise the same softer materialor can comprise the same harder material.

D) Back Portion as Welded Portion Materials

In some embodiments, wherein the welded portion comprises the lower backportion 120, the second material can be a harder material and the firstmaterial can be a softer material. For example, the welded portion cancomprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 15-5 stainless steel, a 4340 steelalloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a M54 steel alloy, a 300M steel alloy, or anH11 steel alloy and the first material can comprise a 17-4 stainlesssteel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a 1025 steel alloy, aS45C steel alloy, or a 8620 steel alloy. In other embodiments, thesecond material can comprise a softer material and the first materialcan comprise a harder material. For example, the welded portion cancomprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy,a 1025 steel alloy, a S45C steel alloy, or a 8620 steel alloy and thefirst material can comprise a 17-4 stainless steel, a 15-5 stainlesssteel, a 4340 steel alloy, a 4140 steel alloy, a M54 steel alloy, a 300Msteel alloy, or an H11 steel alloy. In other embodiments, the firstmaterial and the second material can comprise the same softer materialor can comprise the same harder material.

V) Method of Forming Iron Type Club Head with High Strength FaceMaterial

FIG. 15 shows the process for forming the golf club head assembly 300.The process for forming the club head assembly 300 can comprise (1,2)heat curing treatments of the welded portion and the golf club head 100separately before welding into the club head assembly 300, (3) a coolingstep of the welded portion and the golf club head, (4,5) an aligning andwelding step of the welded portion and the golf club head 100 afterheating to form a golf club head assembly 300, and (6) a vibrationalcuring treatment step of the welded golf club head assembly.

In the first step 162, the welded portion is heated using a first heattreatment for a predetermined amount of time. In the second step 164,the golf club head 100 is heated using a second heat treatment for apredetermined amount of time. The first heat treatment of the weldedportion can comprise heating the welded portion to a temperature at orabove the solution temperature of the welded portion. The second heattreatment of the golf club head 100 is heated to a predeterminedtemperature over a predetermined amount of time.

The third step 166 of the process is allowing the club head 100 andwelded portion to air cool. The third step 166 can occur in an inert gasenvironment. The fourth step of the process 167 is aligning the weldedportion treated under the first heat treatment with the club head body100 treated under the second heat treatment. The fifth step 168 of theprocess is welding the welded portion to the golf club head 100 to formthe golf club head assembly 300. The final step 170 is relieving thestress of the weld of golf club head assembly 300 by vibrational waves.

This process allows the welded portion and body to be treated separatelyallowing the design of the club to utilize the ideal physical propertiesof both the welded portion and the body of club head 100 (e.g.,ductility, strength, and durability parameters of the materials). Inother embodiments, the first step 162 can comprise heating the golf clubhead 100 above the solution temperature of the golf club head 100, andthe second step 164 can comprise heating the welded portion to apredetermined temperature for a predetermined amount of time. Theprocess of FIG. 15 is discussed in more detail below.

A) Heat Treatment of Welded Portion and Iron Type Club Head

In one embodiment, the method of forming a golf club head assembly 300comprises heating both the welded portion and the golf club head 100 torelieve stresses through a thermal heat treatment (162, 164) (see FIG.15). The heat treatments of the welded portion and the golf club head100 can be different from each other and separate. The heat treatment ofthe welded portion can be a first heat treatment tailored to relievestress in a furnace through thermal heat of microstructure stress. Thesecond heat treatment of the golf club head can be a second heattreatment tailored relieve stress in a furnace through thermal heat ofmicrostructure stress. The first heat treatment and the second heattreatment can be performed in any order to each other includingsimultaneously, but separately. In some embodiments, the heat treatmentof the welded portion can be used to promote the high strength of thematerial of the welded portion (i.e., the second material). The heattreatment of the golf club head 100 can be used to maintain theductility of the club head body (i,e, the first material). In otherembodiments, the heat treatment of the welded portion can be used tomaintain the ductility of the material of the welded portion (i.e., thesecond material). The heat treatment of the golf club head 100 can beused to promote the high strength of the club head body (i,e, the firstmaterial). The heat treatment of the golf club head 100 can differ overthe heat treatment of the welded portion.

1) First Heat Treatment of the Welded Portion

In one embodiment, the welded portion can be heated under a first heattreatment. In one embodiment of the first heat treatment, the weldedportion can be heated to a temperature at, just above, or greater thanthe solution temperature of the welded portion (i.e. second material)for a predetermined amount of time. In another embodiment of the firstheat treatment, the welded portion can be heated to a temperature belowthe solution temperature of the welded portion for a predeterminedamount of time. Also, during this step, an inert gas can be pumped intothe heating chamber housing the welded portion to remove all oxygen overa predetermined amount of time discussed below. After heating to, justabove, or greater than the second materials solution temperature, inertgas can be pumped back into a chamber under vacuum housing the weldedportion, which ensures no oxygen is present to prevent oxidation to thewelded portion. In some embodiments, the first heat treatment canfurther include a first aging heat treatment step, wherein the weldedportion can be heated to a temperature at, just above, or greater than apredetermined first aging temperature. Further, in some embodiments, thefirst heat treatment can further include a second aging heat treatmentstep, wherein the welded portion can be heated to a temperature at, justabove, or greater than a predetermined second aging temperature.

The solution temperature for a specific material is the temperaturebarrier at which smaller constituent molecules dissolve within thegeneral matrix of the material and become more mobile. Further, thepredetermined temperatures for the first and second aging heattreatments are temperatures at which the alloying elements such as,copper, cobalt, magnesium, and aluminum etc. are able to diffuse throughthe microstructure and form intermetallic particles. The predeterminedaging temperatures for steel alloys can vary depending on the finalproperties desired.

Steel Alloy Solution Temperature (° C.) 17-4 1040 15-5 1040 4340 8504140 845 M54 1080 300M 930 H11 1000 1025 910 S45C 880 8620 915

In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated between 700° C.and 1100° C. in the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated between 750° C. and 1050° C. in the first step162. In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated between 800°C. and 1000° C. in the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated between 850° C. and 950° C. in the first step162. In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at 700° C.,725° C., 750° C., 775° C., 800° C., 825° C., 850° C., 875° C., 900° C.,925° C., 950° C., 975° C., 1000° C., 1025° C., 1050° C., 1075° C., 1100°C. in the first step 162 for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes, 210 minutes, 240 minutes, 270minutes, 300 minutes, 330 minutes or 360 minutes.

In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at a temperatureof at least 700° C. in the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at a temperature of at least 720° C. in thefirst step 162. In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated ata temperature of at least 740° C. in the first step 162. In oneembodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at a temperature of atleast 760° C. in the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at a temperature of at least 775° C. in thefirst step 162. In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated ata temperature of at least 800° C. in the first step 162. In oneembodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at a temperature of atleast 825° C. in the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at a temperature of at least 845° C. in thefirst step 162. In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated ata temperature of at least 860° C. in the first step 162. In oneembodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at a temperature of atleast 880° C. in the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at a temperature of at least 900° C. in thefirst step 162. In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated ata temperature of at least 920° C. in the first step 162. In oneembodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at a temperature of atleast 940° C. in the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at a temperature of at least 960° C. in thefirst step 162. In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated ata temperature of at least 980° C. in the first step 162. In oneembodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at a temperature of atleast 1000° C. in the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at a temperature of at least 1020° C. in thefirst step 162. In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated ata temperature of at least 1040° C. in the first step 162. In oneembodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at a temperature of atleast 1060° C. in the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at a temperature of at least 1080° C. in thefirst step 162. In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated ata temperature of at least 1100° C. in the first step 162.

In one embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated between 800° C.and 900° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the first step 162. Inanother embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated between 850° C.and 950° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the first step 162. Inanother embodiment the welded portion is heat treated between 950° C.and 1100° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the first step 162. Inanother embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at about 845° C.for between 1 hour and 2 hours. In another embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at about 850° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours.In another embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at about 880°C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours. In another embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at about 910° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours.In another embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at about 915°C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours. In another embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at about 930° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours.In another embodiment, the welded portion is heat treated at about 1040°C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours. In another embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at about 1074° C. for between 1 hour and 2hours. In other embodiments, the heat treatment process can beimplemented at other temperatures for a different amount of time. Inaddition, the heat treatment can be applied to a variety of materialsand a variety of weld-types.

In some embodiments, the first heat treatment of the first step 162 canfurther include a first aging heat treatment step. The welded portioncan be heat treated between 100° C. and 700° C. in the first aging heattreatment step of the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated between 150° C. and 650° C. in the first agingheat treatment step of the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated between 200° C. and 600° C. in the first agingheat treatment step of the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated between 250° C. and 550° C. in the first agingheat treatment step of the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated between 300° C. and 400° C. in the first agingheat treatment step of the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated at 100° C., 125° C., 150° C., 175° C., 200° C.,225° C., 250° C., 275° C., 300° C., 325° C., 350° C., 375° C., 400° C.,425° C., 450° C., 475° C., 500° C., 525° C., 550° C., 575° C., 600° C.,725° C., 750° C., 775° C., 800° C. in the first aging heat treatmentstep of the first step 162 for, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150minutes, 180 minutes, 210 minutes, 240 minutes, 270 minutes, 300minutes, 330 minutes or 360 minutes, 390 minutes, 420 minutes, 450minute, 480 minute, or 510 minutes.

In some embodiments, the first heat treatment of the first step 162 canfurther include a second aging heat treatment step. The welded portioncan be heat treated between 200° C. and 500° C. in the second aging heattreatment step of the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated between 250° C. and 450° C. in the second agingheat treatment step of the first step 162. In one embodiment, the weldedportion is heat treated between 300° C. and 400° C. in the third heatingstep of the first step 162. In one embodiment, the welded portion isheat treated at 200° C., 225° C., 250° C., 275° C., 300° C., 325° C.,350° C., 375° C., 400° C., 425° C., 450° C., 475° C., 500° C. in thefirst aging heat treatment step of the first step 162 for, 60 minutes,90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes, 210 minutes, 240minutes, 270 minutes, or 300 minutes.

The heat treatment above the solution temperature disperses stresses aswell as equiaxes the microstructure throughout the welded portion. Thisstep of the heat-treatment improves the durability of the welded portionby relieving the stresses. The first and second aging heat treatmentsdisperse the inner metallic compounds such as, cobalt, copper,magnesium, and aluminum etc. throughout the microstructure of the weldedportion (i.e. second material). These steps ensure the materials in thealloy do not revert to their original configuration after a time period,and create a stronger, more ductile welded portion.

The grains of the welded portion steel alloy can be aligned in a crownto sole orientation prior to heat treating. The crown to soleorientation of the alloy grains permits stretching in the samedirection. In some embodiments, the grains of the welded portion 17-4,15-5, 4340, 4140, M54, 300M, H11, 1025, S45C, 8620 steel alloy can bealigned in a crown to sole orientation prior to heat treating. The crownto sole orientation of the 17-4, 15-5, 4340, 4140, M54, 300M, H11, 1025,S45C, 8620 steel alloy grains permits stretching in the same direction.

The first heat treatment can improve the strength, ductility anddurability of the welded portion. The improved strength permits thewelded portion to be made thinner without sacrificing durability,thereby reducing club head assembly 300 weight. The reduced weight ofwelded portion can shift the center of gravity of the club head assembly300, and allows for additional weight to be added to another componentof the club further adjusting the center of gravity and moment ofinertia

2) Second Heat Treatment of the Iron Type Club Head

In one embodiment, the golf club head body 100 can be heated under asecond heat treatment. In one embodiment of the second heat treatment,the club head body 100 can be exposed to no heat. In one embodiment ofthe second heat treatment, the club head body 100 can be heated to atemperature at, just above, or greater than the solution temperature ofthe club head body 100 for a predetermined amount of time. In anotherembodiment of the second heat treatment, the club head body 100 can beheated to a temperature below the solution temperature of the club headbody 100 for a predetermined amount of time. Also, during this step, aninert gas can be pumped into the heating chamber housing the club headbody 100 to remove all oxygen over a predetermined amount of timediscussed below. After heating, inert gas can be pumped back into achamber under vacuum housing the golf club head body 100, which ensuresno oxygen is present to prevent oxidation to the surface of the golfclub head body 100. In some embodiments, the second heat treatment canfurther include a first aging heat treatment step, wherein the club headbody 100 can be heated to a temperature at, just above, or greater thana predetermined first aging temperature. Further, in some embodiments,the second heat treatment can further include a second aging heattreatment step, wherein the club head body 100 can be heated to atemperature at, just above, or greater than a predetermined second agingtemperature.

In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated between 700°C. and 1100° C. in the second step 164. In one embodiment, the club headbody 100 is heat treated between 750° C. and 1050° C. in the second step164. In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated between800° C. and 1000° C. in the second step 164. In one embodiment, the clubhead body 100 is heat treated between 850° C. and 950° C. in the secondstep 164. In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at700° C., 725° C., 750° C., 775° C., 800° C., 825° C., 850° C., 875° C.,900° C., 925° C., 950° C., 975° C., 1000° C., 1025° C., 1050° C., 1075°C., 1100° C. in the second step 164 for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes, 210 minutes, 240minutes, 270 minutes, 300 minutes, 330 minutes or 360 minutes.

In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at atemperature of at least 700° C. in the second step 164. In oneembodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at a temperature ofat least 720° C. in the second step 164. In one embodiment, the clubhead body 100 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 740° C. inthe second step 164. In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heattreated at a temperature of at least 760° C. in the second step 164. Inone embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at a temperatureof at least 780° C. in the second step 164. In one embodiment, the clubhead body 100 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 800° C. inthe second step 164. In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heattreated at a temperature of at least 820° C. in the second step 164. Inone embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at a temperatureof at least 840° C. in the second step 164. In one embodiment, the clubhead body 100 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 860° C. inthe second step 164. In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heattreated at a temperature of at least 880° C. in the second step 164. Inone embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at a temperatureof at least 900° C. in the second step 164. In one embodiment, the clubhead body 100 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 920° C. inthe second step 164. In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heattreated at a temperature of at least 940° C. in the second step 164. Inone embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at a temperatureof at least 960° C. in the second step 164. In one embodiment, the clubhead body 100 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 980° C. inthe second step 164. In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heattreated at a temperature of at least 1000° C. in the second step 164. Inone embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at a temperatureof at least 1020° C. in the second step 164. In one embodiment, the clubhead body 100 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 1040° C. inthe second step 164. In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heattreated at a temperature of at least 1060° C. in the second step 164. Inone embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at a temperatureof at least 1080° C. in the second step 164. In one embodiment, the clubhead body 100 is heat treated at a temperature of at least 1100° C. inthe second step 164.

In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated between 475°C. and 500° C. for between 4 hours and 6 hours in the second step 64. Inanother embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treated between 575°C. and 625° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 64. Inanother embodiment, the club head body 10 is heat treated at about 550°C. for between 1 hour and 4 hours. In other embodiments, the club headbody 10 can be formed from a different alloy in the second step 64. Inother embodiments, the heat treatment process can be implemented atother temperatures for a different amount of time. In addition, the heattreatment can be applied to a variety of materials and a variety ofweld-types.

In one embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated between 800°C. and 900° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 164. Inanother embodiment the club head body 100 is heat treated between 850°C. and 950° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 164. Inanother embodiment the club head body 100 is heat treated between 950°C. and 1050° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 164.In another embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at about845° C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 164. Inanother embodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at about 850°C. for between 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 164. In anotherembodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at about 880° C. forbetween 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 164. In anotherembodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at about 910° C. forbetween 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 164. In anotherembodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at about 915° C. forbetween 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 164. In anotherembodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at about 930° C. forbetween 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 164. In anotherembodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at about 1040° C. forbetween 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 164. In anotherembodiment, the club head body 100 is heat treated at about 1074° C. forbetween 1 hour and 2 hours in the second step 164. In other embodiments,the heat treatment process can be implemented at other temperatures fora different amount of time. In addition, the heat treatment can beapplied to a variety of materials and a variety of weld-types.

In some embodiments, the second heat treatment of the second step 164can further include a first aging heat treatment step. The club head 100can be heat treated between 100° C. and 700° C. in the first aging heattreatment step of the second step 164. In one embodiment, the club head100 is heat treated between 150° C. and 650° C. in the first aging heattreatment step of the second step 164. In one embodiment, the club head100 is heat treated between 200° C. and 600° C. in the first aging heattreatment step of the second step 164. In one embodiment, the club head100 is heat treated between 250° C. and 550° C. in the first aging heattreatment step of the second step 164. In one embodiment, the club head100 is heat treated between 300° C. and 400° C. in the first aging heattreatment step of the second step 164. In one embodiment, the club head100 is heat treated at 100° C., 125° C., 150° C., 175° C., 200° C., 225°C., 250° C., 275° C., 300° C., 325° C., 350° C., 375° C., 400° C., 425°C., 450° C., 475° C., 500° C., 525° C., 550° C., 575° C., 600° C., 725°C., 750° C., 775° C., 800° C. in the first aging heat treatment step ofthe second step 164 for, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150minutes, 180 minutes, 210 minutes, 240 minutes, 270 minutes, 300minutes, 330 minutes or 360 minutes, 390 minutes, 420 minutes, 450minute, 480 minute, or 510 minutes.

In some embodiments, the second heat treatment of the second step 164can further include a second aging heat treatment step. The club head100 can be heat treated between 200° C. and 500° C. in the second agingheat treatment step of the second step 164. In one embodiment, the clubhead 100 is heat treated between 250° C. and 450° C. in the second agingheat treatment step of the second step 164. In one embodiment, the clubhead 100 is heat treated between 300° C. and 400° C. in the second agingheat treatment step of the second step 164. In one embodiment, the clubhead 100 is heat treated at 200° C., 225° C., 250° C., 275° C., 300° C.,325° C., 350° C., 375° C., 400° C., 425° C., 450° C., 475° C., 500° C.in the second aging heat treatment step of the second step 164 for, 60minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes, 210 minutes,240 minutes, 270 minutes, or 300 minutes.

The heat treatment above the solution temperature disperses stresses aswell as equiaxes the microstructure throughout the welded portion. Thisstep of the heat-treatment improves the durability of the welded portionby relieving the stresses. The first and second aging heat treatmentsdisperse the inner metallic compounds such as, cobalt, copper,magnesium, and aluminum etc. throughout the microstructure of the weldedportion (i.e. second material). These steps ensure the materials in thealloy do not revert to their original configuration after a time period,and create a stronger, more ductile welded portion.

The first heat treatment can improve the strength, ductility anddurability of the club head body 100. The improved strength permits theclub head body 100 to be made thinner without sacrificing durability,thereby reducing club head weight. The reduced weight of club head body100 shifts the center of gravity of the club head assembly 300, andallows additional weight to be added to another component of the club tofurther adjust the center of gravity and moment of inertia.

B) Cooling the Iron Type Golf Club Body and Welded Portion after HeatTreatment

In one embodiment of the process, after the steps of heating the clubhead 100 and the welded portion separately, the club head 100 and thewelded portion are allowed to cool to room temperature (166) (see FIG.15). In another embodiment, after the heat treatment, the club headassembly 300 can be allowed to air cool to slowly reduce the club headassembly's temperature. The cooling of the club head 100 and the weldedportion can be done in an inert gas environment or non-containedenvironment (open air). In one embodiment, the first and second heattreatment steps can be followed by a cooling step where additional inertgas can be pumped back into the chamber where the club head 100 or thewelded portion are allowed to cool to room temperature. In anotherembodiment, the club head assembly 300 can be allowed to cool in inertgas to slowly reduce the club head assembly's temperature and reducechance for oxidation. The inert gas can be selected from the groupconsisting of nitrogen (N), argon (Ar), helium (He), neon (Ne), krypton(Kr), and xenon (Xe) or a compound gas thereof.

C) Welding Faceplate to the Wood or Hybrid Type Golf Club Head Body

In one embodiment of the process, the cooled club head 100 and thewelded portion are aligned (167) and welded (168) to form the golf clubhead assembly 300 (see FIG. 15). As shown in FIG. 7, the club head 100can include a recess or opening 124 for receiving the welded portion.The opening may include a lip 126 extending around the perimeter of theopening 124. During the welding process, the welded portion is aligned(167) with the opening and the lip 126. The welded portion is secured tothe club head 100 by welding (168) to form a club head assembly 300. Inone embodiment, the welding can be arc welding, oxyfuel gas welding,resistance welding, solid state welding, laser beam welding, laserhybrid welding, thermite welding, percussion welding, pulse plasmawelding, electron beam welding, electrogas welding, stud arc welding, orinduction welding. The welding can be a pulse plasma welding process.

The welding between the welded portion and the golf club head 100 canintroduce stresses associated with the weld-metal heat affected zone(HAZ) formed by the weld line. The HAZ is an area around the weld inwhich the material properties have been altered due to the weldingprocess. Because of the stark contrast in mechanical properties betweenthe HAZ and the rest of the metal matrix, the HAZ is much more likely toexperience a crack and fail.

As discussed in corresponding US Patent Publication Appl. No.2015-0232976, which is incorporated fully herein by reference, a heatcuring step could be performed on the golf club head assembly 300 afterthe welding step. As further discussed in US Patent Publication Appl.No. 2015-0232976, previous post-weld treatments were performed below thesolution temperature for a short duration of time. These processessimply aged the metals, but did not address the increased stressestransferred to the weld area. Furthermore, the welded portion was notsufficiently strong. In contrast, the heat treatment above the solutiontemperature disperses stresses in the weld metal HAZ. The heat-treatmentimproves the durability of the HAZ by relieving the stresses. Theproblem with heating the golf club assembly 300, however, is subsequentheat treat steps on the HAZ require compromised thermal cycles tobalance out the mechanical properties of both the golf club body 100 andthe welded portion.

Specifically, utilization of this heat curing step of the golf clubassembly 300 requires a trade-off between the materials of the weldedportion and the materials of the club head 100. In some embodiments, thegoal of heat curing the welded portion is to make the material as strongas the material will allow, while avoiding introducing an unacceptablelevel of brittleness. In other embodiments, the goal is to relievestresses introduce during forging, but also maintain its' ductility andoverall structural movement. In some embodiments, the goal of heatcuring the club head body 100 is to make the material as strong as thematerial will allow, while avoiding introducing an unacceptable level ofbrittleness. In other embodiments, the goal is to relieve stressesintroduce during forging, but also maintain its' ductility and overallstructural movement. To achieve these goals, a different level of heatcuring (temperate and time) a welded portion is required over a heatcuring treatment of a golf club head body because the material of thewelded portion and the golf club head body are different.

The preassembled heating steps described above in the process allow thedesign of the club to utilize idea mechanical properties described abovefor the welded portion and the club head body 100. To relieve thestresses introduced by the welding metal HAZ, use of vibrational wavesor sub-harmonic waves can be used to target the HAZ of the golf clubassembly 300 in this process.

D) Vibrational Stress Relief

The method of forming a golf club assembly 300 further comprises thestep of relieving the stress generated during the welding step usingvibrational waves (170) (FIG. 15). The use of vibrational waves is astress-relief technique disperses stresses in the weld metal HAZ. Theuse of vibrational waves can also be used to relieve stresses introducedin the welded portion and the club head body 100 during casting. The useof vibrational waves as a stress relieving method of metals is describedin U.S. Pat. No. 4,968,359 and use of various vibrational treatments isdescribed in US Patent Publication Appl. No. 2012/0198376, both of whichare fully incorporated herein by reference. The method step comprisesexposing the golf club assembly 300 to these vibrational stress relieftechniques described below.

The vibrational stress-relief technique applies mechanical cyclicvibration energy to the golf club assembly 300 over a test frequencyrange and then monitoring damping effects of energy flowing into thegolf club assembly 300 as a function of frequency to identify aplurality of orders of harmonic vibration absorption peaks, eachconsisting of a plurality of vibration absorption resonant peaks. Thisidentification of harmonic vibrational absorption peaks can apply tovarious stress zones in the golf club assembly 300 (i.e, the weldedportion and club head body 100) including the HAZ of the golf clubassembly 300 after the weld step. A typical metal part can display up toforty-eight resonant peaks grouped into eight orders of harmonics, eachconsisting of approximately six resonant peaks. Harmonic vibrationabsorption peaks are distinguished from resonant vibration absorptionpeaks by appropriately damping the response characteristics of avibration transducer coupled to the golf club assembly 300 such that theelectrical output thereof varies as a function of harmonic groups ofresonant peaks rather than the resonant peaks themselves.

The vibrational stress-relieve technique further can compriseidentifying a specific harmonic peak among the three lowest orders ofharmonics as a function of composition of the golf club assembly 300 tobe stress relieved. This can include stress zones within the weldedportion and club head body 100 of the golf club assembly 300 that werenot properly cured during the heating step of the method, or the HAZzone of the golf club assembly 300 after the weld step.

For example, the first order of harmonics, centered at approximatelytwenty-five hertz, is particularly advantageous for stress relief oflow-carbon steels and cast iron. The second order of harmonics centeredat about forty hertz has been found to be particularly advantageous forhigh-carbon steels, whereas the third order of harmonics centered atabout fifty hertz has been found to particularly advantageous inconjunction with aluminum, titanium or copper alloys. Depending upon themake-up of the welded portion and the golf club body 100, the particularharmonics at a particular hertz (Hz) can be identified to relieve thestress of that part of the golf club assembly 300. The harmonics cantherefore be centered at about 24 Hz, 25 Hz, 26 Hz, 27 Hz, 28 Hz, 29 Hz,30 Hz, 31 Hz, 32 Hz, 33 Hz, 34 Hz, 35 Hz, 36 Hz, 37 Hz, 38 Hz, 39 Hz, 40Hz, 41 Hz, 42 Hz, 43 Hz, 44 Hz, 45 Hz, 46 Hz, 47 Hz, 48 Hz, 49 Hz, 50Hz, 51 Hz, 52 Hz, 53 Hz, 54 Hz or 55 Hz in conjunction with the weldedportion and/or the golf club head body 100. The harmonics can thereforebe centered at about 24 Hz, 25 Hz, 26 Hz, 27 Hz, 28 Hz, 29 Hz, 30 Hz, 31Hz, 32 Hz, 33 Hz, 34 Hz, 35 Hz, 36 Hz, 37 Hz, 38 Hz, 39 Hz, 40 Hz, 41Hz, 42 Hz, 43 Hz, 44 Hz, 45 Hz, 46 Hz, 47 Hz, 48 Hz, 49 Hz, 50 Hz, 51Hz, 52 Hz, 53 Hz, 54 Hz or 55 Hz in conjunction with particular regionsof the golf club head assembly 300 (i.e., the toe end, heel end, sole,crown, front, back etc.). The harmonics can therefore be centered atabout 24 Hz, 25 Hz, 26 Hz, 27 Hz, 28 Hz, 29 Hz, 30 Hz, 31 Hz, 32 Hz, 33Hz, 34 Hz, 35 Hz, 36 Hz, 37 Hz, 38 Hz, 39 Hz, 40 Hz, 41 Hz, 42 Hz, 43Hz, 44 Hz, 45 Hz, 46 Hz, 47 Hz, 48 Hz, 49 Hz, 50 Hz, 51 Hz, 52 Hz, 53Hz, 54 Hz or 55 Hz in conjunction with weld HAZ of the golf club headassembly 300.

A specific sub-harmonic stress relief frequency is then identified alongthe leading slope or shoulder of the selected harmonic peak, preferablyat a frequency corresponding to harmonic vibration amplitude equal toone third of the peak amplitude of the selected harmonic peak.Mechanical cyclic vibration energy is then applied to the part forextended time duration at the sub-harmonic stress relief frequency soidentified.

It has been found that stress relief can be implemented on a widevariety of metal alloys, both soft and hard alloys, and at processingstages at which the alloys are either hot or cold. Further, stressrelief can be implemented either during the welding step described aboveor after welding of the golf club heads assembly 300. Cyclic vibrationenergy applied at the sub-harmonic stress relief frequency allowsdynamic kinetic energy to flow into the metal of the particular regionof the golf club assembly 300 including the HAZ when the frequency ofcyclic vibration is applied with a low steady stable constant level.Cyclic vibration is a dynamic loading and unloading mechanism that usesthe mass-spring relationship found in metal alloys. Compliance of theyield modulus (stiffness) represents the amount of critical (tensile)residual stress retained in the metal structure. When cold mechanicalcyclic energy is applied at the sub-harmonic frequency, it redistributesor transforms the unwanted residual stress from weakness to strength. Atime soak of low harmonic energy (typically under two hours) providesmetal relaxation similar to that gained from two to three years ofoutdoor aging.

In addition, the heat treatment along with the vibrational stress relieftechnique can be applied to a variety of materials and a variety ofweld-types. Depending upon the region of the golf club head assembly,the welded portion can be treated with as described above over thesolution temperature of the metal or metal composite of the weldedportion, and then further exposed to the vibrational stress relieftechnique. The vibrational stress relief technique can further be usedin place of the first and second heat treatment steps describe above.

The post-weld vibrational stress relief disperses stresses associatedwith the weld-metal heat affected zone (HAZ) of the golf club assembly300, or the area around the weld in which the material properties havebeen altered due to the welding process. Because of the stark contrastin mechanical properties between the HAZ and the rest of the metalmatrix, the HAZ is much more likely to experience a crack and fail.Using the vibrational stress-relief technique in this method preventsthe faceplate from flattening or losing its' curvature relativelyquickly. The vibrational stress-relieve technique disperses stresses inthe weld metal HAZ. The identification of the specific sub-harmonicstress relief frequency along the leading slope or shoulder of theselected harmonic peak of the particular treatment region of golf clubhead assembly 300 improves the durability of the HAZ by relieving thestresses.

Replacement of one or more claimed elements constitutes reconstructionand not repair. Additionally, benefits, other advantages, and solutionsto problems have been described with regard to specific embodiments. Thebenefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element or elementsthat can cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or becomemore pronounced, however, are not to be construed as critical, required,or essential features or elements of any or all of the claims.

As the rules to golf can change from time to time (e.g., new regulationscan be adopted or old rules can be eliminated or modified by golfstandard organizations and/or governing bodies such as the United StatesGolf Association (USGA), the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews(R&A), etc.), golf equipment related to the apparatus, methods, andarticles of manufacture described herein can be conforming ornon-conforming to the rules of golf at any particular time. Accordingly,golf equipment related to the apparatus, methods, and articles ofmanufacture described herein can be advertised, offered for sale, and/orsold as conforming or non-conforming golf equipment. The apparatus,methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited inthis regard.

While the above examples can be described in connection with adriver-type golf club, the apparatus, methods, and articles ofmanufacture described herein can be applicable to other types of golfclub such as a fairway wood-type golf club, a hybrid-type golf club, aniron-type golf club, a wedge-type golf club, or a putter-type golf club.Alternatively, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacturedescribed herein can be applicable other type of sports equipment suchas a hockey stick, a tennis racket, a fishing pole, a ski pole, etc.

Moreover, embodiments and limitations disclosed herein are not dedicatedto the public under the doctrine of dedication if the embodiments and/orlimitations: (1) are not expressly claimed in the claims; and (2) are orare potentially equivalents of express elements and/or limitations inthe claims under the doctrine of equivalents.

Various features and advantages of the disclosure are set forth in thefollowing claims.

1. A method of forming a golf club head assembly, the method comprising:(a) providing a faceplate formed from a first material, (b) providing agolf club head body formed from a second material, wherein the firstmaterial is different than the second material, (c) heating the clubhead body under a first heat treatment, wherein the club head body isheated to a temperature that is greater than a solvus temperature of theclub head body for a predetermined amount of time, (d) heating thefaceplate separately from the club head body under a second heattreatment, wherein the second heat treatment is different than the firstheat treatment, wherein the faceplate is heated to a temperature that isgreater than a solvus temperature of the faceplate for a predeterminedamount of time; (e) after heating the club head body from step (c) andthe faceplate from step (d), allowing the club head body and thefaceplate to cool in an inert gas environment; (f) aligning thefaceplate of step (a) with the club head body of step (b) after heatingsteps (c) and (d), and cooling step (e); (g) welding the faceplate tothe club head body after step (f) to form a heat affected zone (HAZ)between the faceplate and the golf club head to form a golf club headassembly; and (h) relieving the stress of the HAZ of the golf club headassembly by using vibrational waves.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinstep (h) further comprises the steps of: (i) applying a mechanicalcyclic vibration energy to the golf club assembly over a test frequencyrange; (ii) monitoring damping effects of energy flowing into the golfclub head assembly as a function of frequency and identifying aplurality of orders of harmonic vibration absorption peaks, eachconsisting of a plurality of vibration absorption resonant peaks; (iii)selecting a particular harmonic vibration absorption peak among saidplurality of harmonic absorption peaks as a function of the golf clubhead assembly; and (iv) applying mechanical cycle vibration energy tothe golf club head assembly for an extended period of time at saidparticular harmonic vibration absorption peak corresponding to asub-harmonic frequency.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein welding thefaceplate includes a pulse plasma welding process.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the second heat treatment of step (d) includes heatingthe faceplate for between 1 hour and 6 hours.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the second heat treatment of step (d) includes heating thefaceplate to between 400° C. and 630° C.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein the second heat treatment of step (d) includes heating thefaceplate to between 475° C. and 625° C. for between 1 hour and 6 hours.7. The method of claim 1, wherein the inert gas of step (e) is selectedfrom the group consisting of nitrogen (N), argon (Ar), helium (He), neon(Ne), krypton (Kr), and xenon (Xe), or a compound gas thereof.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the faceplate of step (a) has a minimumthickness of 0.7 mm.
 9. The method of claim 2, wherein step (c) furthercomprises the steps of: (i) selecting a particular order of harmonicsfrom among said plurality of orders as a function of the golf club headassembly; and (ii) identifying a sub-harmonic frequency associated withsaid particular order of harmonics and corresponding to a vibrationamplitude equal to approximately one-third of maximum vibrationalamplitude of said particular order, and wherein applying the mechanicalcyclic vibration energy to the golf club assembly of step (d) of claim 2comprises the step of applying said mechanical cyclic vibration energyto the golf club head assembly at said sub-harmonic frequency identifiedin step (ii).
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the faceplate is formedfrom an α-β titanium alloy.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the α-βtitanium alloy comprises between 6.5 wt % to 8.5 wt % aluminum (Al), 1.0wt % to 2.0 wt % vanadium (V), 0.20 wt % or less oxygen (O), and 0.20 wt% or less silicon (Si).
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the α-βtitanium alloy further comprises 0.30 wt % or less iron (Fe), 0.08 wt %or less carbon (C), 0.50 wt % or less nitrogen (N), trace molybdenum(Mo), trace tin (Sn), and the remaining weight percent is titanium (Ti).13. A method of forming an iron type golf club head assembly, the methodcomprising: (a) providing a welded portion formed from a first material,wherein the welded portion comprises at least one member of a groupconsisting of the faceplate, the front portion, the back portion, thelower back portion. (b) providing a golf club head body formed from asecond material, wherein the first material is different than the secondmaterial, (c) heating the welded portion under a first heat treatment,wherein the welded portion is heated to a temperature that is greaterthan a solution temperature of the welded portion for a predeterminedamount of time; (d) heating the golf club head body separately from thewelded portion under a second heat treatment, wherein the second heattreatment is different than the first heat treatment, wherein the golfclub head body is heated to a temperature that is greater than asolution temperature of the golf club head body for a predeterminedamount of time, (e) after heating the welded portion from step (c) andthe golf club head body from step (d), allowing the welded portion andthe club head body to cool in an inert gas environment; (f) aligning thewelded portion of step (a) with the club head body of step (b) afterheating steps (c) and (d), and cooling step (e); (g) welding the weldedportion to the club head body after step (f) to form a heat affectedzone (HAZ) between the welded portion and the golf club head to form thegolf club head assembly; and (h) relieving the stress of the HAZ of thegolf club head assembly by using vibrational waves.
 14. The method ofclaim 13, wherein step (h) further comprises the steps of: (a) applyinga mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club assembly over atest frequency range; (b) monitoring damping effects of energy flowinginto the golf club head assembly as a function of frequency andidentifying a plurality of orders of harmonic vibration absorptionpeaks, each consisting of a plurality of vibration absorption resonantpeaks; (c) selecting a particular harmonic vibration absorption peakamong said plurality of harmonic vibration absorption peaks as afunction of the golf club head assembly; and (d) applying mechanicalcycle vibration energy to the golf club head assembly for an extendedperiod of time at said particular harmonic vibration absorption peakcorresponding to a sub-harmonic frequency.
 15. The method of claim 13,wherein welding the welded portion includes a pulse plasma weldingprocess.
 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the first heat treatment ofstep (c) further includes a first aging heat treatment, wherein thewelded portion is heat treated between 100° C. and 700° C. for between 1and 8.5 hours.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first heattreatment of step (c) further includes a second aging heat treatment,wherein the welded portion is heat treated between 200° C. and 500° C.for between 1 and 5 hours
 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the secondheat treatment of step (d) further includes a first aging heattreatment, wherein the club head body is heat treated between 100° C.and 700° C. for between 1 and 8.5 hours.
 19. The method of claim 18,wherein the second heat treatment of step (c) further includes a secondaging heat treatment, wherein the club head body is heat treated between200° C. and 500° C. for between 1 and 5 hours
 20. The method of claim13, wherein the inert gas of step (e) is selected from the groupconsisting of nitrogen (N), argon (Ar), helium (He), neon (Ne), krypton(Kr), and xenon (Xe), or a compound gas thereof.